CARBON NEUTRALITY IN AGRICULTURE AND FARMING AREA & ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Related Current Situation
(Agricultural Greenhouse Gas) Emit* 20.4 million tons which level is 2.9% of the entire nation * Rice cultivation 6.0 million tons, livestock intestinal fermentation 4.4, livestock wastes 4.2, farmland soil 5.8
The emission of greenhouse gas in the field of seedling decreased due to the decreased area of rice cultivation and the expanded cultivation of other crops. On the other hand, the emission of greenhouse gas in the field of livestock increased due to the increased heads of livestock for breeding. * Rice cultivation: (2011) 7 million tons CO2eq → (2017) 6 /Livestock: (2011) 8.4 million tons CO2eq → (2017) 8.6 - Rising awareness of eco-friendly agriculture through a program to preserve environment (2019~), a direct payment system for public benefit (2020~), but a high invested agriculture structure compared to major advanced countries * Use amount of nitrogen fertilizer (kg/ha): Korea 133.8, USA 72.6, Swiss 114.8, Australia 35.1, Japan 85.6 ⇨ Necessary reduction of greenhouse gas through the eco-friendly conversion in the entire field and front-back of agriculture such as the participation in environmental preservation by farmers and the reduction of environmental load by livestock.
(Renewable Energy) According to 「3020 Implementation Plan for Renewable Energy」, promote various solar power project models* and maintain its system (By the year 2030, goal of 10GW solar power in farming areas) * Resident participation type (3 villages, 2 salt water reclaimed lands, 1 reservoir), 11 small-scale farm type, utilization of 28 agricultural infrastructures
Limited expansion of solar power energy due to an objection by farmhouses and a safety concern because of declined profit and the project promotion led by outsiders * Supply amount of solar power to farming areas (Accumulated, GW) : (2018) 0.68 → (2019) 1.82 → (2020.11) 3.11 ⇨ With basic principles of the minimization of environmental damage and the reversion of profit to local residents, necessary expansion of renewable energy and energy conversion in farming areas
(Climate Change) Increased occurrence of natural disaster, but limited operation due to aged repair facility* and rapidly increased loss ratio** in the management stability device of disaster insurance * Among entire repair facilities (73 thousand sites), above 60% passed over 30 years ** Insurance payment/loss rate: (2016) 111.5 billion won/34% → (2019) 9,090/186 → (2020) 10,193/150 ⇨ Necessary to reinforce the capability to adapt to the climate change and procure the sustainability of agriculture
2. Promotion Plan
◇ (Goal) Through the minimized occurrence of greenhouse gas and the conversion to renewable energy, contribute to the carbon neutrality in agriculture and farming areas and enhance the competency of adaptation to the climate change
① Minimize the occurrence of greenhouse gas in the field of agriculture, and the energy conversion in farming areas and the reconstruction of energy circulation space to lead the carbon neutrality
② Reinforce the ability to adapt to the climate change and the basis for disaster prevention in agriculture and farming area
(Preparation of General Plan) Establish and announce (March) 「The Second Basic Plan for the Counteraction to the Climate Change in the Fields of Agriculture and Farming Area」 which contains practical plan to realize a goal of carbon neutrality in the fields of agriculture and farming area
Present goal and task for the reduction and absorption of greenhouse gas and the adaptation to climate change in 4 sectors (Agricultural Industry, Farming Area, Foods Distribution, Forest) by 2030 * Major tasks (examples): ① Expansion of a production basis for low carbon in agricultural & livestock industry ② Development of the tropical income crop with a type of seasonal restoration technology and adaptation to climate change ③ Nationwide expansion of early warning service for meteorological disaster
(Emission Reduction) Support practical low carbon agriculture around livestock industry and rice farming that have the highest proportion of greenhouse gas emission in the field of agriculture
(Livestock) Reduce the emission of gas from the intestinal fermentation of livestock through the breeding of optimum size, the expansion of supplying coarse fodder of good quality, and the development and distribution of low methane fodder* * Reinforce the support for farms who use low methane fodder and microorganism formula (50% increased support limit of fund to purchase fodder) - Reduce the greenhouse gas through the creation of new renewable energy from livestock waste and the expansion of the proportion of purification treatment
(Fertilizer, Pesticide) Develop and distribute the agricultural technique to reduce greenhouse gas* and review a measure to pay incentives for farmhouses * Low water in rice field, simple irrigation in rice field, development of a technology for intelligent precision sprinkling, etc
(Energy Conversion) Including 'RE100' in major agricultural facilities, establish 「Energy Conversion Plan for Agriculture and Farming Area」 (December)
- Support the early scrap (2021~2025) of 32 thousand agricultural machineries (Tractor, Combine) manufactured before the application of emission permit standard for air pollutants (February 2013)
(Renewable Energy) Through the space plan, the creation of a complex for livestock pen, greenhouse, and renewable energy facility to establish a system to produce and use renewable energy
Prepare a detail criteria for the introduction of a solar power to small-scale farming including project subject, location, permission method, and facility standard (June) and activate the project of resident participation type* * Expansion of a solar power for reservoir with the investment type of farmers (1 site → 3), Promotion of a project for salt water reclaimed land with a type of resident participation (March)
Promote the application and consulting of a model, ‘Efficient Production and Use of Renewable Energy’ and the support of relevant project* in priority for 5 target cities and guns to establish the space plan for farming areas * Support the supply of new renewable energy for horticulture facility, support the joint resource facility for livestock waste
(Adaptation to Climate Change) Reinforce the infrastructure of disaster prevention and damage absorption for agriculture and farming area
(Disaster Prevention) Reinforce the facilities in response to flood such as the safety diagnosis, renovation and repair of aged repair facility, and the expansion of emergency gate and spillway in reservoir * Renovation and repair rate (Targeting total 5,842 sites): (2020) 66.9% → (2021) 69.9 → (’30) 100
(Disaster Insurance) Enhance sustainability and rationality of insurance through the idividualization of insurance rate (City and Gun → Eup and Myeon, Actualization of discount premium rate), the diversification of selection for guarantee level, and the reinforcement of the management in high risk group (~2022)
3. Expected Effect
Reinforce the response system for climate change through ① the reduction of greenhouse gas occurred in the field of agriculture, ② the expansion of supplying renewable energy for farming area, and ③ the enhancement of the disaster response capability of agricultural infrastructure